1) Knife handle structure
The structural forms of tool holders for CNC machine tools are divided into integral and modular types. The working part of the integrated tool holder for clamping the tool is integrated with the handle used for mounting and positioning on the machine tool. This kind of tool handle has poor adaptability to the transformation of machine tools and parts. In order to adapt to the transformation of parts and machine tools, users must reserve various specifications of tool holders, so the utilization rate of tool holders is low. Modular tool system is a relatively advanced tool system in which each tool handle can be assembled through various series of modules. By adopting different assembly schemes for different machining parts and machine tools, a variety of tool shank series can be obtained, thereby improving the adaptability and utilization rate of the tool shank.
The selection of the structural form of the tool holder should take into account advanced technology and economic rationality: ① For some simple tools that are used repeatedly for a long time and do not require assembly, it is advisable to equip them with integral tool holders to ensure good rigidity and low price (such as end mill tool holders, spring chuck tool holders, and drill chuck tool holders for machining the outer contour of parts) When machining multiple varieties and small batches of parts with frequently varying hole diameters and depths, modular tool handles should be selected to replace a large number of integral boring tool handles and reduce processing costs For many CNC machine tools, especially when the spindle end and tool changing manipulator are different, modular tool handles should be selected. As the intermediate module (extension rod) and working module (tool loading module) used by various machine tools are universal, it can greatly reduce equipment investment and improve tool utilization.
2) Blade specification
Most CNC tool shanks use 7:24 tapered tool shanks, and use corresponding types of rivet tensioning structures to coordinate with the machine tool spindle. Knife handles come in various sizes, commonly used in sizes 40, 45, and 50. Currently, ISO7388-1983, GB10944-1989, MAS403-1982, ANSI/ASME B5.50-1985 are widely used in China. When selecting, it is necessary to consider that the specification of the tool handle is compatible with the machine tool spindle and manipulator.
3) Specification and quantity of tool handle
The integrated TSG tool system includes 20 types of tool holders, with hundreds of specifications. Users can select the type and specification of the tool holder based on the numerical control processing technology of the typical parts processed, which can meet processing requirements without creating a backlog. Considering that a certain number of tool holders are in the process of pre adjustment or tool grinding while the CNC machine tool is working, the number of tool holders configured is usually 2-3 times that of the required tool holders.
4) Matching of tool and handle
Pay attention to the matching between the tool holder and the tool, especially when selecting the tapping tool holder, pay attention to the size of the matching tap drive square head. In addition, selecting a single edge boring tool on CNC machines can avoid scratching the workpiece when retracting the tool, but attention should be paid to the position and direction of the tool tip relative to the keyway on the tool handle: some machines require the same orientation as the keyway, while others require the same orientation as the keyway.
5) Select efficient and composite tool handles
In order to improve processing efficiency, it is necessary to select high-efficiency cutting tools and tool holders as much as possible. For example, the handle of a double-edge boring tool can be selected for rough boring, which can not only improve processing efficiency, but also help reduce cutting vibration; Selecting a strong spring chuck can not only clamp straight shank cutters, but also clamp perforated cutters through extension rods. For typical workpieces with large batches and complex processing, composite cutters should be selected as much as possible. Although composite cutters and tool holders are relatively expensive, using composite cutters in machining centers can combine multiple processes into one process and be completed with one tool, which is beneficial to reducing processing time and tool change times, and significantly improving production efficiency. For some special parts, specially designed composite tool handles can also be considered.
6) Strengthen tool system management
As the number of CNC machine tools increases, the number of tool holders will increase sharply. A flexible manufacturing system with 5-8 CNC machine tools, with a number of tool handles up to 1000 or more. How to make reasonable and effective use of these tools is the key work of tool management. The content includes: proposing procurement or supplementary plans for tool handles; Tool data presetting; Tool scheduling and storage; Judgment and control of tool life, etc.